{"id":1182,"date":"2018-04-12T20:45:11","date_gmt":"2018-04-12T20:45:11","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/puntabegonagaleriak.eus\/?page_id=1182"},"modified":"2018-04-17T09:32:25","modified_gmt":"2018-04-17T09:32:25","slug":"c7","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/puntabegonagaleriak.eus\/en\/c7\/","title":{"rendered":"c7"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>[vc_row][vc_column width=&#8221;1\/1&#8243;][vc_custom_heading heading_semantic=&#8221;h1&#8243; text_size=&#8221;h1&#8243;]<strong>C.7<\/strong> PIONEERING USE OF REINFORCED CONCRETE[\/vc_custom_heading][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\"><span class=\"s1\">One of the most significant technical developments in the field of construction was reinforced concrete, which was invented by combining two widely used materials. concrete and steel. The first reinforced concrete building in Bizkaia was the La Ceres flour mill, constructed at the turn of the 20th century. It was seen as a symbol of innovation and openness to world trends. The Punta Bego\u00f1a Galleries followed soon afterwards, as the first residential construction in the region to be built with this technique.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\"><span class=\"s1\">More than a century ago this was a pioneering technique. Concrete is an artificial stone made up of natural aggregate (sand and gravel) held together by a binder, usually in the form of cement. Various types of cement can be used, though one of the most widespread is Portland cement. The strength of concrete made with Portland cement can be increased by pouring it over steel tubes, bars, wire rod or mesh before it sets. The most widely used reinforcing material is steel, because its heat dilation is similar to that of concrete. The alkalinity provided by Portland cement means that once the concrete has set the steel is corrosion proof, and sticks well to the concrete. Adherence can be substantially improved by using corrugated steel bars.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\"><span class=\"s1\">Portland cement was apparently used at the Punta Bego\u00f1a Galleries, because analyses on one of the fa\u00e7ades have revealed traces of alite and belite, two silicates which are typical of this type of cement. These two silicates are turned into hydrated calcium silicate by the hydration process of the cement. It is no surprise that these materials were used here, given that the many business ventures of the owner Horacio Echevarrieta included a Portland cement plant in Toledo. <\/span><\/p>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][vc_empty_space empty_h=&#8221;1&#8243;][vc_single_image media=&#8221;321&#8243; caption=&#8221;yes&#8221; media_width_percent=&#8221;100&#8243;][vc_column_text el_class=&#8221;caption&#8221;]View of the make-up of the reinforced concrete fa\u00e7ade of the north-west gallery, 2014. Source: Project for showcasing the Punta Bego\u00f1a Galleries[\/vc_column_text][vc_single_image media=&#8221;320&#8243; caption=&#8221;yes&#8221; media_width_percent=&#8221;100&#8243;][vc_column_text el_class=&#8221;caption&#8221;]Raman spectrum readouts showing the presence of gypsum, calcite and original Portland cement compounds in a wall of the Punta Bego\u00f1a Galleries, 2017. Source: Project for showcasing the Punta Bego\u00f1a Galleries[\/vc_column_text][vc_custom_heading]For more information on this topic, visit the following points:[\/vc_custom_heading][vc_raw_html]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[\/vc_raw_html][\/vc_column][\/vc_row]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>[vc_row][vc_column width=&#8221;1\/1&#8243;][vc_custom_heading heading_semantic=&#8221;h1&#8243; text_size=&#8221;h1&#8243;]C.7 PIONEERING USE OF REINFORCED CONCRETE[\/vc_custom_heading][vc_column_text] One of the most significant technical developments in the field of [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"template-rutac.php","meta":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/puntabegonagaleriak.eus\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1182"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/puntabegonagaleriak.eus\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/puntabegonagaleriak.eus\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/puntabegonagaleriak.eus\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/puntabegonagaleriak.eus\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1182"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/puntabegonagaleriak.eus\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1182\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1332,"href":"https:\/\/puntabegonagaleriak.eus\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1182\/revisions\/1332"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/puntabegonagaleriak.eus\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1182"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}